Critical analysis of the legacy dimension of the planning process of Essay

Critical analysis of the legacy dimension of the planning process of World Cup 2010 in South Africa focusing on the city of Cape Town - Essay Example The building of the new stadium at Green point is also intended to create more job opportunities and newer sporting, entertainment and leisure activities for the city in a scope not previously witnessed (Smit, et. al., 2007). The location of a new stadium at Green Point is very accessible to the local and international tourists as the public transport systems, which include their rail and road networks, link the country to many other regions like the neighboring Zimbabwe (Ruiz-del-Solar, et. al. 2011). The plan for building the new stadium at Green Point aimed at creating a recreational and a sports facility within the urban parks situated in Cape Town (Leeman, 2010). The stadium to be built was to have a capacity of approximately 68,000 fans and was supposed to link the waterfronts of Victoria and Alfred (Bowdin, 2010). The major objective of building the new stadium is enhancing the regional capabilities already existing in this region and not detracting from the other facilities as they enhance the values of the neighborhood for their populations benefit (Jennings & Jordan-Zachery, 2010). While designing the stadium, several principles were considered including their compliance to the technical and fa cility requirements of FIFA (Young, 2010). The principles utilized also considered the building and infrastructure the stadium, the areas security, accessibility, capacity and seating orders (Tait & Van Der Spuy, 2010). The legacy of the stadium created ensures that the impacts of building the new stadium will have long term effects. The legacy plans included compliance standards in the regions public transport systems, their training venues, accommodation, renewable energy, waste and water management and their environment (Leeman, 2010). Upgrading the regions public transport was among their most pressing of challenges in enabling the spectators to attend the world cup matches in environments that are safe and car free (Jennings & Jordan-Zachery,

Policing in Kelsey Essay Example for Free

Policing in Kelsey Essay In this paper, I will discuss the budget cuts on the City of Kelsey. The mayor has assigned me as a budget director to review and perform budget cuts on the City’s Police Department, due to a 15% budget cut on the City deficit. The state legislature wants to hire less Police Officers and build more prisons. The Police Department currently has an annual budget of $16,177,678. With the 15% budget cut, the mayor is requesting from the Police Department, that leaves a new annual budget of $14,236,356, a decrease of ,941,322. The major change that will affect the fiscal cycle of this budget year is the decrease in the hiring of Police Officers. The City of Kelsey was in the process of hiring 10 new Police Officers to fill the 10 position that were vacant, due to six retiring Police Officers and four Police Officers finding other employment. Now with the 15% budget cut, the City will not be filling these opened positions, thus saving the City $1,200,000. New vehicle and maintenance cost will also decrease, due to not hiring the new officers. Last fiscal year the City Manager allotted $150,000 for 5 new vehicles and maintenance cost for the hiring of the new Police Officers. As a budget director, I went to the Police Union and request a 10% cut in wages or freeze the wages until the next fiscal year, thus saving $300,000. Also cutting 16 paid holidays a year will save the City $400,000. The Police Union Committee advised the Union has only agreed to a 1% pay cut within the next fiscal year, which will save the City $30,000. The Committee has also agreed to 10 paid holidays a year instead of 16. This will save the City an annual $150,000 a year. The Chief of Police has agreed to cut the training budget by 80%. The City will save an annual budget of $125,000. With these cuts alone, the City will save $1,655,000 alone. Another proposal will cut community programs and events within the next fiscal year. The annual â€Å"Shop with a Cop† or â€Å"Trunk or Treat† is in the annual budget for $10,000. Domestic violence programs can also be cut saving the City an  annual budget of $50,000 a year. Finally, the City will cut all overtime pay for the reminding of the fiscal year, saving the City an estimate of $500.000. With all the above-mentioned budget cuts, the City will project to see a 10% increase in crime. First, not filling the 10 Police Officers position will decrease the number of Police Officer per shifts, thus running the shift at staff minimal. Running the shift at staff minimal will decrease response time to service calls. The Mayor and City Council requested a 5 to 7 minute response time to every service call last fiscal year. With the decrease in personal, a new projective response time will be 10 to 12 minutes. The city has a collective bargaining contract with the Police Union. The Police Union has agreed to a 1% pay cut. Per the collective bargain contract, the City will repay the 1% back at the beginning of the next fiscal year, plus the cost of living increase (7%). I, as the Budget Director will have to go back to the Police Union next fiscal year and asked for an additional pay cuts. Per the collective bargaining contract, the Police Union does not have to cut pay or other benefits that the city provides. If the Police Union does not cut pay next fiscal year, the city will be forced to cut more position instead. Which means fewer Officers per shift, and longer response times to calls. Cutting the domestic violence program that helped victims and offenders will increase the number of incident of domestic violence more than 30% over the next six months. The program-helped victims relocate to a safer environment. The program also helped offenders with counseling. With the shifts at staff minimal, a plan of assigning Officers to areas will have to be established. The City is broken up into three sectors. Sector 1 is the business community and normally requires 40 Officers per shift. Sector 2 is residually areas that normally require 40 officers per shift. Lastly, sector 3 is rural area of the city, and this area requires 10 officers per shift. With the decrease in staff and overtime, area command staffs will assets the needs of each area and assign officers as needed. A federal grant was proposed for an additional $300,000 per year for the next three years is now in the works. The federal grant is for community police programs. The final approval for the grant will take up to 90 days. Inclusion, the 15% budget cut in this year’s fiscal year was successful. Hopeful the economy gets better and next fiscal year is a huge success. The City of Kelsey will continue to grow and  be a safe community to live. Reference Kelsey Annual Budget for the Fiscal Year 2005-06 (2012, Jan). Retrieved from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/ aapd/cist/vop/ Government/KelseyCity/citygovernment.asp

The 400 Blows: An Expression of a Cinematic Revitalization

The 400 Blows: An Expression of a Cinematic Revitalization The 400 Blows directed by Francois Truffaut is an iconic film of the late 1950s that refined French cinema and helped spark a cinematic revolution known as the French New Wave. A touching story about a young adolescent growing up in Paris named Antoine Doinel, the film artfully captures the unfortunate circumstances of the troubled boys life and his tragic spiral into a life of transgression and crime as a result. Misunderstood by both his mother and stepfather at home as well as tormented at school by his ruthless teacher, Antoine finds himself seeking to escape such environments in search of a place where he feels he belongs. Initially conducting small acts of defiance like writing on the classroom wall, Antoine slowly progresses into more delinquent behavior as he begins skipping classes and later to stealing a typewriter. Outraged by his behavior, Antoines parents send him to a reform school. From there, Antoine finally makes a break for freedom and gets away from all that had tr oubled him as he makes his way to the shores of a beach. Altogether, the inspiring film illustrates a captivating cinematic theme of how an absence of understanding and loving parents and a lack of fair treatment at school can make young boys susceptible to acts of mischief and delinquency as a consequence. More important than this engaging element about the film, though, is the fact that the foundation of the films praise primarily stems from its representation of revolutionary French New Wave ideas. Such ideas included the development of films that portrayed artistic expression, captured real life spontaneity and authenticity, expressed genuine emotion, elicited critical thinking in the viewers, and much more (Csà ¶lleovà ¡ and Formà ¡nek). The 400 Blows exemplifies three key characteristics of the French New Wave through its inclusion of various innovative film techniques, through its illustration of a realistic and philosophical storyline, and through its utilization of an un conventional plot layout. One of the first qualities about the film demonstrating characteristics of the French New Wave is that it consists of an assortment of creative filming techniques such as the long take, jump cut, and on sight shooting. To begin, there is one notable instance throughout the film which uses the newfound technique of the long take; a shot that films a scene for a long period of time (Film Glossary). An account of this technique can be seen through the running in Paris scene with the gym teacher. As the teacher and the boys run through the streets of Paris, the camera pans from a higher, wider view, and captures the Paris cityscape of the time as the boys sneakily run away from the group into buildings and alleyways. As a whole, this shot spans for roughly one minute and thirty seconds and allows the film to direct the viewers attentions towards significant narrative elements. In this case, this technique really helps to capture the liveliness of Paris during the 1950s for the viewers th rough its detailed and elaborate visualization of Paris architecture, buildings, bustling streets, etc. The long take in this example helps to define the progressive cinematic uniqueness that French New Wave filmmakers were striving for, specifically, for enabling realism in filming in order to make audiences feel more involved and part of the film. In addition to the unfamiliar use of the long take, is the incorporation of the jump cut in the film. In short, the jump cut is a technique that involves a sudden transition from one scene to the next (Film Glossary). An occasion when some jump cuts are used in the film is during the scene in which a psychologist asks Antione a series of questions while he is at the academy. In this scene, Antoine simply answers the questions that the psychologist asks and provides details about his early life and the happenings that took place. Interestingly, the viewer does not get a glimpse of the psychologist at all but only sees Antoine answering th e questions. Throughout the interview, there are roughly four jump cuts that are integrated into it. After almost each question that the psychologist asks, there is a sudden change in the scene that occurs as it shifts into the next question as if the interview was broken up and edited in some parts. The use of the jump cuts in this instance enables the film to reel in the audiences attention with the scene and with the film collectively. In a sense, this technique helps to gather the viewers attention with Antoine and his character on a deeper and more personal level so that the audience gets a better glimpse into Antiones world and his situation. Overall, the use of the jump cut from the film helps signify French New Wave filmmakers cinematic push away from typical continuous and easy flowing films of the time to a refreshed and strange exhibition of discontinuity or jaggedness in films. Finally, the last significant filming technique in the film that represents French New Wave id eas is shown through the fact that the film is actually shot in multiple locations of Paris. There are multiple instances throughout the film in which on sight filming takes place. Such instances are expressed in scenes that show the city streets of Paris, that show Antoines small home, that show the school, and that show the shores of the beach towards the end of the film. The use of filming scenes in real locations is a major component of French New Wave ideas because French filmmakers wanted to attempt making films that were more natural and accurately depicted the real world as much as possible. The 400 Blows definitely showcases naturality and realness because of it being filmed in parts of Paris instead of using other non-realistic methods like backdrops, stages, etc. to indicate specific locations. Another instance of how the film exhibits aspects of the French New Wave is through its expression of an authentic and thought provoking story line which utilizes a realistic representation of characters as well as invokes relatability or self-reflectivity in the viewers. To begin, The 400 Blows presents realistic and ordinary characters throughout its storyline instead of using fictitious or mythical individuals. An example of this can be demonstrated through Antoines character. Antoine is a rebellious fourteen-year-old teenager who lives a simple life in a small apartment with his mother and stepfather and attends school, nothing for which is over fantasized, exaggerated, or unlikely for the life of an adolescent. Like many children his age, Antoine is not perfect and has his own flaws. He occasionally fools around in class and gets into trouble with his teacher by writing on the walls or not doing his homework, he disobeys his parents at times by lying or running away when he disa grees with their rules, he has a difficult time listening to authority and doing what he is told, he steals things multiple times, and much more. There is not much about Antoines life that one would find unbelievable or unrelatable to in some way. Due to the depiction of Antoines practical life and character, the storyline throughout the film becomes more credible, interesting, and thoughtful for viewers because of the sincere portrayal of human normalcy and complications throughout the film. The realistic character usage in the film, in turn, also helps to conjure up relatability or self-reflectivity in viewers which makes the storyline more philosophical and meaningful as a result. To expand, the film showcases the feelings, struggles, actions, difficulties, etc. of not just one character but of multiple characters. First, is a mother who struggles with her relationship with both her son and husband at home. Second, is a son who struggles with problems at home and at school. Next, is a teacher who struggles with disobedient and troubling students. In essence, the film forms realistic stories about the lives of many characters which can encourage the audience to draw similarities from their own life with the events and circumstances from either a specific characters life from the film or the story in general. Thus, these realistic and relatable qualities about the film allow for a meaningful and philosophical viewing experience for the audience. Lastly, a final example of the film featuring elements of the French New Wave is through its usage of an unorthodox plot setup which contains choppy or seemingly random scenes as well as an unresolved resolution. To clarify, most films have plots that connect specific events, actions, etc. for viewers. That is, the plot should give flow to a films story and make the viewer feel as if events are all connected and not just randomly thrown into the film. However, one might say that The 400 Blows presents a less systematic and clear-cut plot setup than what most films usually did during the time. For instance, throughout the film there are countless scenes that simply display Paris landscape and cityscape or what seems like just random bits of footage with characters that do not add to the plots purpose or connect anything specific about the film. Scenes like these include when Antoine catches his mother kissing a man who is not his father as he skips school, the running in Paris scene w ith the gym teacher and students, when Antoine and Rene run down the steps of the Sacrà ©-Coeur, when Antoine and Rene run around town just after stealing the typewriter, when Antoine makes a cigarette while in his prison cell, and more. These scenes do not necessarily explain certain events in the story or add to the plot for any particular reason or purpose, but rather, seem to be there for more artistic filming reasons or for no true reason at all. The inclusion of scenes that do not have a definitive purpose or add to the plot for any specific reason may make the film feel choppy at times. Nevertheless, the seemingly choppy and spontaneous plot feel that the film conveys is another aspect that French New Wave filmmakers were seeking because it went against the usual organized and directed plot of most films of the time. One last obvious example of the films illustration of a different plot layout, is through the fact that the film has an unresolved resolution. Unlike most films of the time, The 400 Blows does not have a plot layout that provides a sense of clarity for the viewer at the end of it. During the end of the film, the viewer watches a pivotal climatic moment as Antoine escapes the academy. As he runs as fast and as far as he can from the academy personal, Antoine makes his way to the shores of a beach. While there, Antoine runs up to the ocean and touches the water with his feet and then turns to the camera where the scene abruptly ends. Ultimately, the viewer is left with no definitive conclusion or resolve to Antoines story. The ambiguous ending left in the film is a striking presentation of French New Wave ideas because filmmakers from the time wanted viewers to think more critically about the films they watched and decide for themselves what they felt the ending might be. All in all, the film encompasses a wide array of French New Wave ideas that can be seen in multiple ways. First, is through the films usage of an atypical plot layout. Having artistic and non-specific scenes that dont necessarily relate back to the storys plot as well as having an open-ended conclusion, the audience is left to philosophically think about and consider the film more in depth during and even after the film. Next, is through the films depiction of a realistic and thoughtful storyline. With the use of a relatable and realistic storyline in addition to seemingly average characters, the film allows the audience to make introspective and personal connections between themselves and with the film and the characters that play in it. Lastly, is through the films incorporation of inventive filming techniques. Techniques such as location shooting, the jump cut, and the long take, all help the audience experience the film in a more natural and realistic way so as to make them feel more part of the film. Ultimately, The 400 Blows is a unique film because through all of these French New Wave characteristics found throughout it, the film serves as an expression of a cinematic revitalization in filming. Works Cited Csà ¶lleovà ¡, Eva, and Và ­tek Formà ¡nek. French New Wave Nouvelle Vague: Revolution in Film Industry. United Film, Ministry of Culture, 2016, www.unitedfilm.cz/unitedvision/index.php/en/articles/item/438-french-new-wave-nouvelle-vague-revolution-in-film-industry. Film Glossary. Provided by the Brooklyn College Film Department, Brooklyn College, 2017,  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   http://userhome.brooklyn.cuny.edu/anthro/jbeatty/COURSES/glossary.htm#name48. The 400 Blows. Directed by Francois Truffaut. Les Filmes du Carosse. The Criterion Collection. 1959. 123 Movies. www. 123movies.gs/film/the-400-blows-4084/ Interprofessional Working in Social Work | Essay Interprofessional Working in Social Work | Essay Critically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of interprofessional working within social work Introduction During the last thirty years there has been a lot of debate over community care. Policy in the 1970s and 1980s brought significant changes to services for people with disabilities, people with learning disabilities, and older people (Kirk, 1998). Many institutions were closed due to financial constraints and care was increasingly focused on the community. In 1988 the Government commissioned the Griffiths Report (1988) which advised that local authorities should be enablers, organizing and directing community care. Local authorities would have budgets with which to purchase care from the private and voluntary sector. The 1990 NHS and Community Care Act established that provision of care was no longer the sole responsibility of the state. Care packages would be organised by local authorities with input from voluntary and charitable organisations. Care packages generally consist of one or more of the following; provision of services in a person’s home, residential care, respite care, day care and family placements, sheltered housing and group homes and hostels. The introduction of the 1990 Act increased the burden of care for the social work profession who had to make initial assessments and then refer clients to the appropriate services. This meant that social workers who had previously been quite autonomous in their practice (Challis, 1991). The introduction of new working practices and the necessity for a greater degree of inter-professional working has meant that this autonomy has been increasingly eroded. This paper will examine the strengths and weaknesses of inter-professional working for social workers in the health arena. Since the introduction of the 1990 Care in the Community Act legislative and policy requirements have focused on health and social care agencies working collaboratively with service users and in July 2005 the Government produced a white paper on the delivery of integrated health and social care.[1] The main thrust of this paper is to establish effective inter-professional working and the means of evaluating working practice. This is probably in response to the fact that much of the literature concerned with inter-professional working concentrates on the difficulties surrounding successful working relationships between people of different professions and how these problems might best be resolved (Molyneux, 2001). Molyneux’s (2001)[2] research into successful inter-professional working established three areas that contributed to the success of such partnerships. Staff needed to be fully committed to what they were doing and personal qualities of adaptability, flexibility and a willingness to share with others were high on the agenda. Regular and positive communication between professionals was seen as endemic to good working relationships and service delivery. This communication was enhanced (in the study) by the instigation of weekly case conferences which allowed professionals to share knowledge and experiences (2001, p.3). Creative working methods, where professionals responded to what was happening in non-traditional ways was also seen as a crucial element of good inter-professional relationships. In order to be able to work successfully across professional boundaries people need to be confident of their own professional role in order to be able to step outside their professional autonomy and work successfully with others. It helps in inter-professional working if all members of the team are particularly focused on the needs of the service user. In this way people reach ‘professional adulthood’ (Laidler, 1991). Hudson (2005) found in his Birmingham study that inter-professional working went well provided it was based on a parity of esteem, mutual respect and a re-orientation of professional affinity i.e. team members first loyalty was to the team rather than to their individual professional bodies. Hudson also identified communication between members and creativity in working patterns as vital to effective inter-professional working. While Hudson (2005) maintains that there are grounds for optimism as to the future of inter-professional working, he nevertheless po ints out that it is not always easy. In some areas such as acute services, mental health services or services for older people inter-professional working can be problematic because it is not always easy to decide where one set of professional responsibilities end and another begins. These areas, along with learning disabilities, reflect tensions in integrated working because it poses a threat to established practices. Peck and Norman (1999) found that mental health professionals working within teams were reluctant to obey decisions taken by others because it threatened their own professional judgement. It does not help matters when the Government stresses the need for inter-professional working and then sets separate performance targets, rather than integrated group ones. At the same time as it emphasises collaborative working the Government is now intent on prioritising choice and competition and this leaves professionals with an unstable infrastructure (Hudson, 2001). As Hudson ar gues: It would be a cruel irony if, having achieved the holy grail of local integrated working, the government, with Sedgefield’s local MP at its head, now puts in place measures that result in its dismantling (Hudson 2005 no page number).[3] Conclusion Clearly the issues surrounding inter-professional working are not clear cut for social workers. They have lost the professional autonomy that they had in the past and it would seem that some professionals in other areas of social care also find the issues problematic. Clearly professionals from all filed, including social work, do their best to comply with legislation and policy and to collaborate with other professionals. If the goalposts were not consistently shifting in Government discourse then the problems associated with inter-professional working may eventually be ironed out. References Griffiths Report (1988) Community Care; An Agenda for Action, London: HMSO Hudson, B. â€Å"Grounds for Optimism† Community Care December 1st 2005 Kirk, S. 1998 â€Å"Trends in community care and patient participation: Implications for the roles of informal carers and community nurses in the United Kingdom† Journal of Advanced Nursing Vol 28 August 1998 Issue 2 p.370 Laidler, P. 1991 â€Å"Adults and How to become one† Therapy Weekly 17 (35) p.4 Molyneux, J 2001 â€Å"Interprofessional team working: What makes teams work well?† Journal of Inter-professional Care 15 (1) 2001 p.1-7 Norman, I and Peck E. 1999 â€Å"Working together in adult community mental health services†: An inter-professional dialogue† Journal of Mental Health 8 (3) June 1999 pp. 217-230 http://www.dh.gov.uk/PublicationsAndStatistics/PressReleases/PressReleasesNotices/fs/en?CONTENT_ID=4116486chk=zOTHS/ 1 [1] http://www.dh.gov.uk/PublicationsAndStatistics/PressReleases/PressReleasesNotices/fs/en?CONTENT_ID=4116486chk=zOTHS/ [2] Molyneux is a social worker who was part of the inter-professional team on which the study was based. [3] http://www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2005/12/01/51988/Grounds+for+optimism+.html?key=BOB+HUDSON accessed 4/4/06

The Importance of Character in Le Colonel Chabert :: Le Colonel Chabert

The Importance of Character in Le Colonel Chabert      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Le Colonel Chabert exhibits the relationship between strong and weak characters. The degree of strength within a character reflects how well the character survives in society. In society, weak characters often have no identity, profession or rank. Stronger characters have power to succeed from inner confidence, motivation and ambition. Any drastic changes brought to the body or soul by the environment corrupts that person's strength thereby affecting their ability to function properly in society. This comparison of characters gives an understanding of Balzac's pessimistic view of nineteenth century society. A character's strength and energy in the novel determines their survival in society. Colonel Chabert has been known to be a courageous hero in the past, "... je commandais un r‚giment de cavalerie †¦ Eylau. J'ai ‚t‚ beaucoup dans le succÃ…  es de la c‚lÃ…  bre charge..." Once he returns to Paris after his injury, he loses his identity and becomes the " weak character " of society. This is a rapid decline down the "ladder of success" and Chabert tries desperately to climb back up to the top, where he had been before. At the beginning of the novel, there is a vision of a slow non-energetic man walking progressively up the stairs to lawyer Derville's study which contrasts the boisterous energy of the clerks. Chabert reaches Derville's study and is determined to find the lawyer to help him find justice for his infortunes, "... me suis-je d‚termin‚ †¦ venir vous trouver. Je vous parlerai de mes malhers plus tard." Chabert demonstrates some energy left in him by his will to retrieve everything that he lost. This energy to gain back his power changes to furious and revengeful energy upon learning what his wife had done, "Les yeux de l'homme ‚nergique brillaient rallum‚s aux feux du d‚sir et de la vengeance." After a period of time, Chabert loses hope and bids farewell forever. He gives up his identity to become an unknown person as he realizes that his strength of character is not enough to keep him alive in this society. He sees himself weakening when seeing his wife and her children as he does not have the heart to break up her family. He tells his wife, "Je ne r‚clamerai jamais le nom que j'ai peut-ˆtre illustr‚. Je ne suis plus qu'un pauvre diable nomm‚ Hyancinthe.

Macro Environmental Analysis Of Italy

Political facetsThe Italian political relations and authorities are a merger of democracy and democracy, with people ‘s representatives in the parliament governing the state. Italy ‘s Chief of province is President Giorgio Napolitano. Premier Minister Silvio Berlusconi is the caput of the province in Italy. He administrates a multi-party system for successful running of the political activities. Italy was a founding member of the European Union ( EU ) . Today Italy is a member of many important international organsations like MIF, UN, G8, NATO, OECD, GATT/WTO or the OSCE. Italy has been a member of WTO since 1995 and it is besides of import to state that all EU member provinces are WTO members. So Italy ‘s trade policy is about the same as that of other members of the European Union. This fact makes clear that WTO trading spouses have less jobs in trading because of the remotion of all barriers to international trade in goods and services.Demographical facetsItaly h as developed into an industrial state, which is divided in two parts. The first portion is the industrial developed North, which is dominated by private companies. The 2nd portion is the agricultural South. The unemployment in the South is reasonably high and it is clearly to see that this portion of Italy is less developed. The Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) is one of the most of import economical indexs. For Italy the GDP is $ 1.823 trillion in 2008. But one has to maintain in head that this figure does non mention to the population. If one wants to take in this aspects one should look at the GDP ( PPP ) . For Italy this is $ 31,300 this means how much the mean individual life in Italy hast to pass. As an investor this figure might go really ready to hand because one can see how much money a state has to devour in luxury goods. Alternatively of being able to afford 1s basic demands. The existent GDP growing rate in Italy achieved an sum of -1 % in 2008. The chief industries in Ita ly are touristry, machinery, Fe and steel, chemicals, nutrient processing, fabrics, motor vehicles, vesture, footwear, ceramics. The chief resources of Italy are mined merchandises like coal, Zn, natural gas and a rough oil militias.Macro environmental analysis of IndiaPolitical facetsIndia is a democracy. The people of India elect their authoritiess at all degrees ( Union, State and local ) by a system of cosmopolitan grownup franchise ; popularly known as & A ; lsquo ; One adult male one ballot ‘ . The cardinal authorities exercises its wide administrative powers in the name of the President, whose responsibilities are mostly ceremonial. The fundamental law designates the administration of India under two subdivisions viz. the executive subdivision and Real national executive power is centered in the Council of Ministers, led by the Prime Minister of India. India suffered political instability for a few old ages due to the failure of any party to win an absolute bulk in Parliament. However, political stableness did non alter India ‘s economic class though it delayed certain determinations associating to the economic system.Membership of international organisations:ADB, AfDB ( nonregional member ) , ARF, ASEAN ( dialogue spouse ) , BIMSTEC, BIS, C, CERN ( observer ) , CP, EAS, FAO, G-15, G-20, G-24, G-77, IFAD, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, LAS ( observer ) , NAM, OAS ( observer ) , PIF ( spouse ) , SCO ( observer ) , UN, UNESCO, UNWTO, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTOInternational Relationss:International dealingss ships between India and a batch of the states in our universe have been comparatively good.Trade Policy:India is a member of the World Trade Organization and its predecessor the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ( GATT ) . While take parting in its council meetings, India has been important in voicing the concerns of the underdevelo ped universe. For case, India has continued its resistance to the inclusion of such affairs as labor and environment issues and other non-tariff barriers into the WTO policies. Despite cut downing import limitations several times in the 2000, India was evaluated by the World Trade Organization in 2008 as more restrictive than similar developing economic systems, such as Brazil, China, and Russia. The WTO besides identified electricity deficits and unequal transit substructure as important restraints on trade. Its restrictiveness has been cited as a factor which has isolated it from the planetary fiscal crisis of 2008-2009 more than other states, even though it has reduced on-going economic growing.Demographical facetsIndia has a entire population of 1,17 billion people in 2009 and growing rate of 1.5 % in 2009 with an mean age of 25 old ages. India has a batch of immature people and with a Birth rate of 21.76 births/1,000 it has the highest birth rate of the three states. Little over a one-fourth of the population in India lives in metropolis ‘s with 29 % this is comparatively low. However the grade of urbanisation in India is 2,4 % wich is besides th e highest urbanisation rate of our three states. The labour force in India is the 2nd largest in the universe with 523.5 million people in 2008 it is besides the biggest of our three states. There is a batch of difference in instruction degrees in India. There is a strong line between truly high instruction and people that are non or ill educated.Comparison between Italy and IndiaPolitical facetsIndia is a democracy, Italy is a merger of democracy and democracy. This means that both states are free and people who live at that place make the determinations. The people of India elect their authorities by a ballot, which have the map of a President. Italy ‘s leader is President Giorgio Napolitano and Premier Minister Silvio Berlusconi. India is one of the major bring forthing states of coal. It besides has important sedimentations of Fe, manganese, isinglass, bauxite, Ti, Br, natural gas, diamonds, crude oil and limestone. The natural resources for Italy are chiefly mined merchandises like coal, Zn, natural gas and a rough oil militias. India is non a member of the EU like Italy, which was a founding member of the EU, however international relationships between India and a batch of other states have been comparatively good.Demographical facetsIndia has a population of 1.166.079.217 dwellers. In comparing Italy ‘s population is 58.000.000. Apart from the major difference in population, the demographical facets for India and Italy are unequal. India has a population growing rate of 1.548 % whereas Italy has a growing rate of -0.047 % . The population in India is rather immature in comparing with the population of Italy. In twelvemonth 2005 India ‘s urbanisation had an one-year rate of 2.4 % , Italy merely 0.4 % . These facts show us that there are a batch of differences between the two states.Economic facetsAs an economical index, frequently it is reffered to the Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) . For India the GPD is $ 3.297 trillion with an one-year growing of 6.7 % . In Italy this sum is $ 1.823 trillion with a clear smaller growing rate of -5.1 % per twelvemonth. Both states have in common that most of the GDP is made in the service sector. In Italy the service sector makes up 71 % of the entire GDP while in India it is 53.4 % . Italy ‘s major exports are precision machinery, motor vehicles ( utilitaries, luxury vehicles, bikes, scooters ) , chemicals and electric goods, but the state ‘s more celebrated exports are in the Fieldss of nutrient and vesture. India ‘s major export trade goods included technology goods, crude oil merchandises, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, treas ures and jewelry, fabrics and garments, agricultural merchandises, Fe ore and other minerals.Italy and India in comparing to The NetherlandsPolitical facetsIn the Netherlands the signifier of authorities is non similar to the 1s from India or Italy. It is a parliamentary representative democratic constitutional monarchy province. The disposal constitutionally consists of the Queen and the Cabinet Ministers. By the early eighties the Dutch public assistance province had become the most extended societal security system In the universe but the public assistance province came into crisis when disbursement rose due to dramatic high unemployment rates and hapless economic growing. The centre-right and centre-left alliances wanted the Dutch public assistance province to make new occupations and to convey the budget shortage under control. So that they reduced societal benefits, lowered the revenue enhancements and deregulated the concerns. With these solutions the economic system was recovered and the budget shortage and unemployment were reduced well. The Netherlands has a sum of 11 Parties and the major political parties are CDA ( Christian Democratic Appeal ) , PvdA ( Labour Party ) , SP ( Socialist Party ) , and VVD ( People ‘s Party for Freedom and Democracy ) . The Dutch Parliament consists of a Second Chamber and a First Chamber. Both Chamberss of parliament discuss proposed statute law and reappraisal of the actions of the cabinet. The CDA has the most seats in the Chambers.Membership of international organisations:The Netherlands is an active and responsible participant in the United Nations system every bit good as other many-sided organisations such as the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) , World Trade Organization ( WTO ) , and International Monetary Fund.Trade Policy:In 2007 the exports of the Netherlands were $ 457.2 billion. The chief export trade goods are machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals and groceries. The Netherlands is a strong advocate of free trade and is a member of international forums like WTO and OECD. The portion of foreign trade in its GDP is more than 125 % . The Netherlands ‘ top three export spouses are Germany, Belgium and France.Demographical facetsWith 16.5 Million dwellers The Netherlands have a high population denseness of about 400 people per square kilometers. The birth rate exceeds the decease rate with 10.9/1000 people against 8.68 death/1000 population and a really high net in-migration rate with 2.72 migrants/1000 people besides contributes to this. Therefore the Dutch population increased by 50 % since the 1960 ‘s. Recently the population roar is easy worsening. The population is largely divided in middle-sized metropoliss.Economic facets between the different statesEconomic facets of the NetherlandsThe Netherlands has a comfortable and unfastened economic system, which depends to a great extent on foreign trade. Its economic system is besides noted for stabl e industrial dealingss, reasonably low unemployment and rising prices and a ample current history excess. From 2004 boulder clay 2006 the GDP went from about $ 610 billion up to $ 670 billion. The GDP per capita in the Netherlands is the highest of the tree reference states. The state has been one of the taking European states for pulling foreign direct investing and is one of the four largest investors in the US. The gait of occupation growing reached 10-year highs in 2007, but economic growing fell aggressively in 2008 as radioactive dust from the universe fiscal crisis constricted demand and raised the ghost of a recession in 2009.Main industries:Natural gas ; Dutch industry is diversified and includes a assortment of concerns that range from fabrication, excavation, and energy production to building and chemical fabrication.Economic facets of ItalyItaly has developed into an industrial state ranked by both the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund as the universe ‘s 7th largest economic system in USD exchange-rate footings and ten percent largest in footings of buying power para ( PPP ) by World Bank, IMF and the CIA World Factbook. More late, Italy has faced sulky economic growing and decreased international fight. Italy ‘s econ omic strength is in the processing and the fabrication of goods, chiefly in little and moderate-sized family-owned houses. The state has been less successful in footings of developing universe category transnational corporations.Economic facets of IndiaIndia has had a market based system from 1991 boulder clay now. Before that the authorities blocked a batch of the import/ export merchandises to protect the people. India achieved 9.6 % GDP growing in 2006, 9.0 % in 2007, and 6.6 % in 2008 this likely due to the planetary economic crisis seting the state on place 28 in the universe. The GDP ( buying power para ) did nevertheless turn from $ 2.816 trillion in 2006 to $ 3.069 trillion in 2007 to $ 3.297 trillion in 2008 puting India on place 5 harmonizing to the cia universe factbook.Most of this ( 53.4 % 2008 ) comes from the services sector in India.DecisionWhich state will hold the best market to export goods and merchandises to? India is a really interesting state to merchandise with. The economic system is on a strong growing flight and anticipations are that it keeps turning. All India has to make is maintain their market unfastened and maintain on working on bettering their substructure and educational system, this would besides better their GDP per capita. India has besides hardly been affected by the economic crisis of 2008/2009 Italy on the other manus has had a existent job since the beginning of the crisis, in the EU Italy has taken one of the hardest hits on GDP ( PPP ) and GDP Growth rate, nevertheless, even before the start of the crisis the Italian economic system had already been & amp ; lsquo ; sulky ‘ . In the terminal, it all depends on what goods and merchandises you are be aftering to export. Italy has few natural resources because Italy has specialized on industry and edifice luxury goods and for all this you need stuffs so exporting natural resources would be best here. In India we would export capital/consumer goods, if the economic system keeps turning as predicted than that combined with the fact that the liberalisation of import revenue enhancements continues besides adding a population of over 1 billion people. Brands it one of the biggest possible markets in the universe at this clip. Reasoning that both of the states have their advantages, the EU in Italy and the market potency of India, we prefer India to merchandise with.Beginnings:www.cia.govwww.demographic-research.orgwww.economist.comwww.geohive.comwww.oecd.orgwww.oup.comwww.wikipedia.orgwww.de.statista.comwww.economicshelp.orgwww.wiki.answers.com

Symbols in Scarlet Letter essays

Symbols in Scarlet Letter essays In the novel The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne used symbolism to show the importance of or the meaning of many things. It is demonstrated throughout the entirety of the novel. Henry James, a famous American novelist, said, ...there is, I think, too much. It is overdone at times, and becomes mechanical; it ceases to be impressive, and grazes triviality. One may feel as if Hawthorne did not overuse symbolism, but I agree with Jamess opinion. There are many cases in the novel that involve symbolism, which is overused. These cases include the letter A, Pearl, and the scaffold. The first major form of symbolism, and the most obvious, is the letter A, which appears in various places in the novel. The main example of the letter A is the scarlet letter, which is worn by Hester Prynne. The scarlet letter was the letter A, which was to be embroidered onto Hesters clothing. It symbolized Hesters sin, adultery. There are many instances that describe the A as it appears on Hesters dress. Hawthorne first describes it by saying, -was that SCARLET LETTER, so fantastically embroidered and illuminated upon her bosom. (p. 51) Another usage of the letter A that appears in the novel appears in chapter 12. While Hester, Dimmesdale, and Pearl were out at night, a meteor appears in the sky in the shape of an A. The reader may consider this to be symbolism because Hawthorne describes this instance by saying, We impute it, therefore, solely to the disease in his own eye and heart, that the minister, looking upward to the zenith, beheld there the appearance of an immense letter,the letter A,marked out in lines of dull red light.(p. 143) In this case, the A may symbolize guilt that the minister may have, as well as symbolize sin. Lastly, another example of the A&apos...

Analysing the Role of Government Intervention in Resolving the Financial Crisis The WritePass Journal

Analysing the Role of Government Intervention in Resolving the Financial Crisis Abstract Analysing the Role of Government Intervention in Resolving the Financial Crisis ). The main objective of the interventions, which was to stop the financial panic and bring back normality to the financial markets, was achieved. The intervention programmes were successful in helping financial markets to return to their normal functions (Webel Labonte, 2010). A more realistic way of evaluating whether the government had succeeded in its intervention efforts is to determine if financial normality was reinstated at the least cost to taxpayers. At the height of the crisis, non-intervention would have likely resulted in more costly losses for the national economy in terms of productivity and this would have worsened the government’s finances (Webel Labonte, 2010). Non-intervention could also prolong the crisis as successive bankruptcies may contract the economy. The government receives assets in return for interventions (i.e. recapitalization, guarantees, etc.). These assets provide the government with legal entitlement to the potential revenues of the companies it had assisted (Webel Labonte, 2010). Therefore, the interventions do not actually cause permanent losses to the government’s finances. These arguments put to rest the claim that the interventions should have not been made at the cost of taxpayers’ money. In defence of bailout packages Due to fears that the financial crisis would spiral out of control in September 2008, the leaders of western developed countries undertook radical measures to rescue financial institutions, which were in danger of collapsing. The US, in particular, embarked on the most extensive government economic interventions with the doling out of huge bailout packages for its beleaguered financial institutions. It was estimated that the US government spent USD $1.3 trillion on bailout packages; while European countries spent an aggregate amount of USD $2.8 trillion to rescue their financial institutions. This amounts to a combined total of USD $4.1 trillion (Aikins, 2009). The popular sentiment towards these government sponsored bailout packages is that it created a moral hazard because it only served to increase the risk-taking of banks. The argument is that by failing to penalize banks for their improper practices, banks may make riskier investments because their leaders believe that the government will always bail them out during the crisis (Poctzer, 2010; Norberg, 2009). Although this sentiment is understandable (and may even prove to be true in some cases), the primary purpose of the bailout packages was to restore confidence in the financial system in the short-term (Psalida, et al., (2009). From this standpoint it is apparent that government intervention had worked to stop or, at the very least slowdown, the crisis from escalating. More importantly, the public wanted to see that their government was doing something to resolve the crisis. Leaving the market to run free, in anticipation that it would inherently fix the imbalances by itself, might be difficult for most ordinary citizens to understand. At that point in the crisis, the lack of action by the government would be met with even more criticism by the public. (Aikins, 2009) Table 1. US Commitment to Financial Sector Bailout in USD $ billions (as of Nov 13, 2008)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Program Amount Description Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) 700.00 Intended for purchasing troubled mortgage-related assets; later on was used for cash injections on banks Commercial Paper Funding Facility 243.00 The Fed purchases commercial paper (short-term debts) from banks to help fund daily operations Fannie Mae/Freddie Mac 200.00 The Fed took control of mortgage firms; cash injections are used to keep them afloat AIG 112.50 Excludes $40 billion taken out from TARP; AIG successfully negotiated a bigger bailout package with easier terms Bear Sterns 29.00 Special lending facility that guarantees losses on portfolios of investment banks FDIC (Federal Bank Insurance Corporation) Bank Takeovers 13.20 The FDIC put up this fund to cover deposits on failed banks Total USD $1.3. trillion Source: (Aikins, 2010) Table 2. Western European Nations’ Commitment to Financial Sector Bailout in USD $ billions (as of Nov 13 2008) Country Amount Description United Kingdom 743.00 Half of the package is used to guarantee bank to bank borrowing; 40% was allocated for interim loans; and 10% is used for recapitalization Germany 636.50 Most of the amount is for undertaking medium-term bank borrowing; 20% is for recapitalization France 458.30 Majority of the fund is to secure bank debts; $50 billion is for recapitalization Netherlands 346.00 For guaranteeing bank to bank borrowing Sweden 200.00 For credit warranties Austria 127.30 For bank acquisitions, inter-bank borrowing, bank bond insurance guarantees Spain 127.3 For bank acquisitions; inter-bank borrowing; bank bond insurance guarantees Italy 51.00 Purchasing of bank debts Other countries 110.60 Total European USD $ 2.8 trillion Source: (Aikins, 2010) Poctzer (2010) also found that despite the possibility of increased risk-taking by banks after being bailed out, there are indications that recapitalization is an effective tool for stimulating lending, but it is most helpful for bigger banks and when implemented in combination with an asset purchase program. Figure 2 shows the comparison of risk taking by recapitalized and non-recapitalized firms. It can be observed that recapitalized firms tend to be more risk-taking compared to non-recapitalized firms. On the other hand, Figure 3 shows that recapitalized firms tend to increase their lending activities compared to non-recapitalized firms. Figure 4 illustrates that asset transfer firms have the most lending volume compared to recapitalized and non-recapitalized firms.    Figure 2. Time Series of Risk Measure between Recapitalized and Non-Recapitalized Banks    Figure 3. Time Series of Average Lending Volume between Recapitalized and Non-Recapitalized Banks Figure 4. Time Series of Average Lending Volume between Recapitalized Banks, Non-Recapitalized Banks, and Asset Transfer Firms Lessons learned The bailout packages served their purpose at the height of the crisis. However, the government cannot always employ capital injections to rescue financial institutions as this have implications not only on the issue of moral hazard (Poctzer, 2010), but more importantly, these have major impacts on the national budget and taxpayers’ trust (Webel Labonte, 2010). Breitenfellner Wagner (2010) recommend that only financial institutions that are non-liquid but solvent should be saved and the institution must pay significantly for the bailout. The authors also argue for stricter regulation, enhanced risk awareness, more advanced risk management, and a more effective alignment of interests among stakeholders. Gertler, Kiyotaki Queralto (2011) argues that a bank’s decision over its balance sheet is highly dependent on its risk perceptions, which in turn are dependent on major disruptions to the economy and their expectations on government policies. The authors also found that the incentive effects of risk taking may potentially diminish the benefits of credit policies that are intended to stabilize financial markets. It is therefore important to design appropriate and efficient macroeconomic policies to mitigate moral hazard costs. The role of the government in managing the economy cannot be overlooked. The lack of a suitable economic policy and regulatory structure will make the financial system vulnerable to recession and may jeopardize the stability of the whole economy. The government therefore should establish appropriate economic and regulatory policies: (a) to defend against market failure; (b) avoid political and institutional intrusions in the regulation of financial institutions; and (c) avert supervisory tolerance, arbitrage, and capture (Aikins, 2009). References Aikins, S. (2009). Global Financial Crisis and Government Intervention: A Case for Effective Regulatory Governance. International Public Management Review. 10(2), p.23-43. Breitenfellner, B Wagner, N. (2010). Government intervention in response to the subprime financial crisis: The good into the pot, the bad into the crop. International Review of Financial Analysis. 19(4), p.289-297. Gertler, M, Kiyotaki, N Queralto, A. (2011). Financial Crises, Bank Risk Exposure, and Government Policy. NYU and Princeton. Available: princeton.edu/~kiyotaki/papers/GertlerKiyotakiQueraltoJune7wp.pdf. Last accessed 23rd May 2013. Canova, T. (2009). Financial Market Failure as a Crisis in the Rule of Law: From Market Fundamentalism to a New Keynesian Regulatory Model. Harvard Law Policy Review. 3(1) Hodson, D Mabbett, D. (2009). UK Economic Policy and the Global Financial Crisis: Paradigm Lost. Journal of Common Market Studies. 47(5), p.1041-1061. Laeven, L Valencia, F. (2012). Resolution of Banking Crises: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. International Monetary Fund. Available: imf.org/external/np/seminars/eng/2012/fincrises/pdf/ch13.pdf. Last accessed 23rd May 2013. Norberg, J. (2009). Financial Fiasco: How America’s infatuation with homeownership and easy money created the economic crisis. Washington, DC: Cato Institute Psalida, LE, Elsenburg, W, Jobst, A, Masaki, K, Nowak, S. (2009). Market interventions during the financial crisis: How effective and how to disengage. International Monetary Fund. Available: imf.org/external/pubs/ft/gfsr/2009/02/pdf/chap3.pdf. Last accessed 23rd May 2013. Webel, B Labonte, M. (2010). Government Interventions in Response to Financial Turmoil. Congressional Research Service. Available: fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41073.pdf. Last accessed 23rd May 2013.

Ngfv, Jh Essays

Ngfv, Jh Essays Ngfv, Jh Paper Ngfv, Jh Paper Mara- All members should check into the team member chat room and make a post to show participation and give feedback to others comments. Erin- Everyone is expected to participate in the Learning Team Forum to discuss team decisions and individual assignments for group projects. Everyone is expected to submit their portions of assignments to the Learning Team Forum on time. If a conflict occurs team members will attempt to work it out together via forum, email, or telephone. Regan- Respect for the team members, prompt and courteous participation and communication is required. Kayla- to make sure all assignments are submitted in a timely fashion so reviews can be done and make sure everyone is communicating correctly and getting alone together to make sure this is a educational and laid back experience. Expectations for Time Management and Involvement (Participation, communication with the team, accessibility, etc. ) Carol-I think it is fair to expect each team member to check into the team forum no less than 4 day/week. Team members should submit their work by the deadlines the team has agreed upon and should answer all questions in a timely manner, especially the team leader. Mara- Within 48 hours of due date of project, all team member’s work will be submitted to be organized and put into presentation format by team leader. This ensures adequate time for the team leader to organize a good presentation. Erin- Each team member will post a progress report of their task prior to project due date. Exact date to be determined with each project. Each team member will post their task 2 days before the assignment is due to be submitted. This will allow the team leader time to assemble or summarize the assignment and post to team members for final agreement one day prior to final submission. Each team member will post a message in the team forum if availability listed above changes. If urgent, contact team leader by phone. Regan- Team members will agree on deadlines for assignments, check the Team forum at least daily and communicate. If there is a problem that impacts delivery let the team know ASAP. Failure to meet deadlines could result in exclusion from the team assignment. Kayla- I think all team members should communicate accordingly even on weeks we do not have assignments to prepare for those assignments. Ensuring Fair and Even Contribution and Collaboration What strategy will you use to ensure that all team members are contributing and collaborating appropriately? Describe the communication strategy you will use if a team member is not contributing and collaborating effectively. How will the team manage conflicts between team members? Carol-I think the team lead should have the authority to assign each team member a portion of the assignment. This will enable everyone to know which part of the assignment everyone else is working on. If a team member is having difficulty with their portion of the assignment he/she should ask for help early enough to get the assignment completed on time. The main issue usually arise when team members do not communicate with each other. This lack of communication is detrimental to the entire team’s moral and adds undue stress to the other team members. Therefore, if a team member is not communicating, does not submit his/her work in a manner consistent with team rules, that member’s name will not be added to the completed assignment. This decision will be made by the rest of the entire team after numerous attempts from the team lead to contact the team member. If an issue arises that the team cannot resolve the facilitator will be asked for direction on how to handle the problem. When the completed team project is submitted to the CWE and Plagiarism checker before submitting to the assignments tab, if a portion is found to be plagiarized or contain numerous errors the team member will be asked to revise this portion. If he/she does not the team lead will revise and the team member’s name will not be added to the completed project. Regan- Team members will agree on deadlines for assignments, check the Team forum at least daily and communicate. If there is a problem that impacts delivery let the team know ASAP. Failure to meet deadlines could result in exclusion from the team assignment. Kayla- Each team assignment should be split up correctly and evenly. If there is someone who needs help we as a team should help them. Special Considerations What do you, as a team, agree will make this team experience different from past team experiences? Carol-COMMUNICATION! In previous classes when communication broke down the team struggled to complete assignments by due dates. If every team member communicates with the rest of the team we will be successful. Should emergencies arise and team members are unable to complete their portion they should submit what they have and someone else will complete the task. Also be supportive of each other, especially the team lead. Erin- Establishment of this team charter with its expectations and deadlines clearly defined will be most valuable. Our main focus is to work together, communicate as often as possible and to respect each other’s idea, to ask questions and provide assistance as needed. Completing all individual tasks well before the project due date to allow team leader time for editing. Regan- Have one member proof and edit. Kayla- Great coordinator.

Destination brand positioning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Destination brand positioning - Assignment Example Destination personality is helpful in building firm destination brands and creating a unique identity. According to the self-congruity theory, it is fundamental to use the target personality as a practical symbol for building strong brands (Lubbe, 2003). It further elaborates that a high match between brand and consumers personality can yield a more promising attitudes towards the brand. The emergence of the internet has tremendously helped in meeting the information need of both actual and potential customers. This is so due to its unique features such as worldwide accessibility, low cost, and increased marketing opportunities. However, it has also altered the way of destination as a product created marketed, maintained and delivered to its customers. According to Lube (2003), destination positioning is the process of establishing and maintaining a distinctive place in the market for an individual or organization product offering. In order to develop a positioning strategy, there are quite a number of procedure which an organization must follow. These includes internal analysis, market analysis, and competitor analysis. A lot of debates have been there concerning the issue of destination positioning. Therefore, it is important for service managers to identify how what their concepts are, how they should satisfy the wants of the customers in different markets amongst others. The success of global competition in the tourism industry depends on the factor conditions and the drivers of competitiveness. An econometric model is very helpful in the estimation of the destination competitiveness empirical index at a micro rank (Donald & Gammack, 2007). The survey points majorly on the measure of tourist demand for each destination and ide ntification of the factors that drive the transformation on the demand schedule in

Bacterium Capsule Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bacterium Capsule - Research Proposal Example It is a layer that lies outside the cell wall of bacteria, it is well organized and it is not easily washed off. This makes it diffuse through the tracheal system. Its slime layer diffuses into the surrounding medium as a loosen-demarcated secretion. The capsule usually consists of polysaccharides and is water soluble thus dissolves in the moisturize tracheae through the spiracles. Thus they are difficult to stain using standard stains as they do not adhere to the capsule (Chapman, 2004). Since the capsule remains pale and colorless, it is difficult to be detected and appears as a ring around the cell. The tracheae are water filled as they consist of a permeable membrane of the surrounding tissues which make the capsule soluble since it is water soluble. The water level, however, retracts due to the increase in the concentration of lactic acid found in the muscle cells during the respiration system. The capsule contains external chemical sensors which therefore detects the concentration of lactic acid, lowering the water potential in the system which is then drawn back into the cells through osmosis process while the capsule gets closer to the muscle cells. While the diffusion pathway is reduced as a result, the capsule can then be transferred more easily through the tracheal. The bacterium capsule is typically stimulated for easy movement throughout the system. The neurosecretory cells made in the cell body consist of the prothoracic gland which acts as circulatory s ystem storage gland and hormonal control of insect molting (Ulrich, 2009).

Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Criminal Justice - Essay Example Honestly, some of what I’ve seen have met my expectations while some have just not. What I’ve seen in the death row cell like it only accommodates one prison is expected for it is just like what I have viewed in movies. On the one hand, the sight of a secure cell and cell housing unit are also expected. However, when I have seen the open dorm housing unit, it is really something I have not imagined. Well, it is just that I have not visualized that prisoners can be housed as if they are just in a dormitory given that they are prisoned. In this kind of setting, the inmates are privileged to interact normally and closely to an open environment. Being an inmate housed in an open dormitory is really a benefit for being capable to interact to more people and also because they are situated in an open bay. And when you go outside the prison, its compound is really huge enough to see all its other buildings. On the overall, I can say that the Florida prison has an environment be tter than the other prisons and even far better than the slums in the third world countries. Through the virtual tour, I can say that the Florida prison is neat and orderly where prisoners can be treated fine enough as human beings. One among the prisons in Florida is the Main Detention Center. As Palm Beach County Sheriff Office states in its website, it happens to be the biggest building as it comprises a huge land area of 835,000 square feet and it is the most secured among the correctional facilities situated in a headquarter complex in West Palm Beach. This detention center is really huge enough to contain a total of 2,156 bed capacities including the beddings intended for services of infirmary and special management. In terms of population, Main Detention Center is housed with both males and females whose age can be adults or young adults. Majority of its prisoners are adult males who are not yet sentenced and are just about to go a court trial whereas the minority of the inma tes are adult females who are just their first time to be jailed and those who are in need of such particular medical or mental condition assistance. It is important to note that main detention center also accommodates the young female adult as well as the young adult males. Through the website of Palm Beach County Sheriff’s Office, it can be sensed that they have active participation on presenting services to their community through the Community Services Division. This division is further separated into four categories such as the Community Operations Bureau, Countywide Operations, Domestic Violence Unit and the Police Athletic League. Each group is specializing in a particular field in order to serve and protect the community. They all work together for the advantage of the community. In order to cut off the possibility of crime, the division of Community Operations Bureau of Palm Beach County Sheriff’s Office has ensured a number of law enforcement officers to be d elegated in each unit. Their preventive measures are dedicated to guarantee the value life among the citizens and as well as the advancement of its businesses. One among its services called Broken Star Fund is given to its dedicated workers together with their respective

The Value of Digital Privacy in an Information Technology Age Essay

The Value of Digital Privacy in an Information Technology Age - Essay Example Another technology is the RFID tags. This stands for radio frequency identification and it involves the use of electronic magnets for purposes of tracking and identification of objects attached to the RFID tags. These tags have the capability of storing information in an electronic manner, and these data are read by using magnetic fields. A researcher can access the information of an individual without his or her knowledge by use of these RFID tags (Keizer, 2012). This is because the tags can be implanted within individuals, and this increases the possibility of reading private information of an individual without their consent. The use of these tags has raised privacy concerns in United States of America. Having knowledge of such technology has its advantages and disadvantages. One advantage that the public has if they know this kind of information is that they will take measures of protecting their privacy. For instance, people won’t just provide their DNA details, names and addresses without confirming on why this type of information is required. This is in respect to the use of biometric technology in conducting a search for an individual. Another advantage is that the public would seek various measures of complaining to the authorities in case their privacy is breached. For instances, marketers can use the cloud computing technology to identify the consumption habits of individuals, and thereafter develop marketing programs that reflect their consumption habits. This usually involves perusing through the personal information of individuals without their consent. This practice is unethical, and needs to be condemned (Smith,... According to the report  the cloud computing technology involves a subscription based consumption of technological services. In this type of technology, the software and hardware systems of a computer system are delivered through the internet. This type of computer technology involves the design of a cloud that can enable a computer user to focus on what he or she is looking for. On this basis, the user does not need to worry about where the information he or she is looking for is stored.As the paper discusses according to the act, the federal government has the authority to monitor all the computer system used by suspected terrorists, and compels all banking institutions, telecom organization, and libraries to provide tangible information regarding a suspected terrorist. This should be done without their knowledge and consent. In my own opinion, this law is uncalled for, and a breach to the constitutional rights of individuals contained in the due process clause of the 14th amendm ent, which protects the right of privacy. This law also breaks the provisions contained in the fourth amendment of the American constitution, which guarantees the right of an individual against illegal searches and seizure. For instance, in Katz vs. United States, the Supreme Court denoted that the use of technology in eavesdropping on an individual’s private communication amounts to an illegal search, and it is therefore unconstitutional.

Assistant rotation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assistant rotation - Essay Example I was lucky to be able to help put them in place. Then, the most important aspect about the processor is listening in order to put down on the paper. Some children’s parent did not want their kids to have fluoride, and were to follow the parent’s request. These factors included: health risk, allergy, or other medical factors. All the children behaved extremely well in the entire process. I did not have any problem performing FL to them. Subsequently, I noticed by wearing the gown, mast, and loupe might worry them a little. Because I was cheerful in the process of treatment, the children were happy to cooperate with the FLvitamin. This was because we learned about the fluoride topic in the preventive class which helped me to know how to explain simple sentient to them in order for them to understand. For me, the most important experience of this exercise was teamwork. The doctors and the assistant updated the health history for any oral lesion or cavity. We went over the paperwork and applied the FL procedure. The coordinator made sure all the documents were accurate in each block and any waste unopened FL was to be reported. In addition, I was able to take the time to interact with kids and in the process the rotation was also a great improvement on my knowledge and clinical skills. In this regard, I do not have any negative aspects to add because we all had a great experience on this wonderful

International Relations and how Iran has effected the Middle East Research Paper

International Relations and how Iran has effected the Middle East - Research Paper Example Situated in the Persian Gulf, Iran remains the region’s strongest military power and hosts the region’s largest population. Moreover, Iran is the Persian Gulf’s â€Å"main country straddling the strategic Strait of Hormuz through which† more than half of the world’s oil passes (Ramazini, 1979, p. 821). The Persian Gulf’s strategic position and Iran’s prominent political and geographical position within, makes Iran a very important actor in both regional and international security. The Persian Gulf joins Africa, Europe and Asia and connected to the Indian Ocean, the Persian Gulf also connects the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. Moreover, Islam was born in the Persian Gulf and thus the culture of the Persian Gulf is profoundly characteristic of Islamic values (Sajedi, 2009). It is therefore hardly surprising that the Persian Gulf has come to be known as the â€Å"center of the Muslim world† (Sajedi, 2009, p. 77). Stagedi (2009) informs that: Owing to its strategic location, the Persian Gulf region has been the center of attention for traders, businessmen and big powers for a long time. The commercial interests, through shipment of goods from the Persona Gulf to the outside world and vice versa have made this region so important for big powers that wars have been fought over its control (p. 77). From 1700 hundreds forward, the Persian Gulf has been the focus of political and commercial competition among maritime factions in the West. When oil was discovered in the 1900s in the Persian Gulf, oil became another fortified the interest in the region. In the aftermath of the Second World War, the Cold War saw competition between the US and the Soviet Union for power in the Persian Gulf and the Middle East generally. Until 1991 a climate of fear was perpetuated in the region over

The Value of Digital Privacy in an Information Technology Age Essay

The Value of Digital Privacy in an Information Technology Age - Essay Example Another technology is the RFID tags. This stands for radio frequency identification and it involves the use of electronic magnets for purposes of tracking and identification of objects attached to the RFID tags. These tags have the capability of storing information in an electronic manner, and these data are read by using magnetic fields. A researcher can access the information of an individual without his or her knowledge by use of these RFID tags (Keizer, 2012). This is because the tags can be implanted within individuals, and this increases the possibility of reading private information of an individual without their consent. The use of these tags has raised privacy concerns in United States of America. Having knowledge of such technology has its advantages and disadvantages. One advantage that the public has if they know this kind of information is that they will take measures of protecting their privacy. For instance, people won’t just provide their DNA details, names and addresses without confirming on why this type of information is required. This is in respect to the use of biometric technology in conducting a search for an individual. Another advantage is that the public would seek various measures of complaining to the authorities in case their privacy is breached. For instances, marketers can use the cloud computing technology to identify the consumption habits of individuals, and thereafter develop marketing programs that reflect their consumption habits. This usually involves perusing through the personal information of individuals without their consent. This practice is unethical, and needs to be condemned (Smith,... According to the report  the cloud computing technology involves a subscription based consumption of technological services. In this type of technology, the software and hardware systems of a computer system are delivered through the internet. This type of computer technology involves the design of a cloud that can enable a computer user to focus on what he or she is looking for. On this basis, the user does not need to worry about where the information he or she is looking for is stored.As the paper discusses according to the act, the federal government has the authority to monitor all the computer system used by suspected terrorists, and compels all banking institutions, telecom organization, and libraries to provide tangible information regarding a suspected terrorist. This should be done without their knowledge and consent. In my own opinion, this law is uncalled for, and a breach to the constitutional rights of individuals contained in the due process clause of the 14th amendm ent, which protects the right of privacy. This law also breaks the provisions contained in the fourth amendment of the American constitution, which guarantees the right of an individual against illegal searches and seizure. For instance, in Katz vs. United States, the Supreme Court denoted that the use of technology in eavesdropping on an individual’s private communication amounts to an illegal search, and it is therefore unconstitutional.

International Relations and how Iran has effected the Middle East Research Paper

International Relations and how Iran has effected the Middle East - Research Paper Example Situated in the Persian Gulf, Iran remains the region’s strongest military power and hosts the region’s largest population. Moreover, Iran is the Persian Gulf’s â€Å"main country straddling the strategic Strait of Hormuz through which† more than half of the world’s oil passes (Ramazini, 1979, p. 821). The Persian Gulf’s strategic position and Iran’s prominent political and geographical position within, makes Iran a very important actor in both regional and international security. The Persian Gulf joins Africa, Europe and Asia and connected to the Indian Ocean, the Persian Gulf also connects the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. Moreover, Islam was born in the Persian Gulf and thus the culture of the Persian Gulf is profoundly characteristic of Islamic values (Sajedi, 2009). It is therefore hardly surprising that the Persian Gulf has come to be known as the â€Å"center of the Muslim world† (Sajedi, 2009, p. 77). Stagedi (2009) informs that: Owing to its strategic location, the Persian Gulf region has been the center of attention for traders, businessmen and big powers for a long time. The commercial interests, through shipment of goods from the Persona Gulf to the outside world and vice versa have made this region so important for big powers that wars have been fought over its control (p. 77). From 1700 hundreds forward, the Persian Gulf has been the focus of political and commercial competition among maritime factions in the West. When oil was discovered in the 1900s in the Persian Gulf, oil became another fortified the interest in the region. In the aftermath of the Second World War, the Cold War saw competition between the US and the Soviet Union for power in the Persian Gulf and the Middle East generally. Until 1991 a climate of fear was perpetuated in the region over

Through Deaf Eyes Essay Example for Free

Through Deaf Eyes Essay While watching Through Deaf Eyes, there were a lot of things that I didn’t think about before. For example, when they started talking about how even in deaf schools, African Americans were segregated from the rest of the white people I was a little thrown off by this. When talking about this in history classes, I never thought about segregating people twice?! The deaf community was already misunderstood and had to have their own schools and now the black deaf community had to be pushed out even farther? This concept started a whole new world for me. In my life, I really have never been exposed to sign language before. I think I have only met one real deaf person and he was about three and had a cochlear implant. So, the deaf community has never popped into my mind when it came to things like this. I think that another big part of the movie, for me, was when the students from Gallaudet University protested against their new president because she wasn’t deaf. Again, this is not something that I had never thought about before. It was big when Obama first became president that was a big turning point for America and also very moving. I know it was more important to the African American community because of their history and how crazy that was for them! Now, I know I can’t relate to the deaf community but I do understand that as an all-deaf university there should be an all-deaf staff, including the president. For those students to fight that hard and win just goes to show how dedicated they are in preserving their community and not afraid to fight for what they believe in and what is right. I really like how proud and powerful the deaf community is when it comes to standing up for themselves and others. The last thing that I really liked which was really the first thing, was the man in the very beginning of the film. I thought that it was a very powerful way to start. We often don’t think about what we say before we say it and a comment like, â€Å"Are you deaf?!† isn’t always going to turn out well for you in the end. That’s just like that, â€Å"That’s gay† comments that some people make. I don’t like that word and I try not to repeat it. I have an uncle who is gay and when I hear those kinds of comments I will most likely say something about it. I know that if I ever made that mistake about the deaf comment and a deaf person then asked me, â€Å"Are you hearing?!† I would feel pretty embarrassed and ashamed. I do admit that I have said that in the past, not ever thinking about it ever hurting someone. I can say now, that I will not say that because it is just like calling something/someone gay when you don’t mean it. After watching this movie and especially now that I am taking this class and learning so much about the deaf culture, I know that I will learn so much more and be able to think with another angle.

The Death With Dignity Act

The Death With Dignity Act Although the Death with Dignity Act empowers individuals to control the timing of their death, physician assisted suicide still remains a controversial topic in todays society that raises many ethical questions. These questions include: Who is the true owner of our lives? Should relieving suffering always be the highest priority or does suffering occur for a reason? Is suicide a purely individual choice (Mathes, 2004)? The answers to the above questions are subjective, yet healthcare workers deal with the difficult issues associated with end-of-life care on a daily basis. Since patients and families frequently ask nurses to provide information about support in dying, it is important for nurses to thoroughly understand the topic of physician assisted suicide regardless of whether it is legally permitted within the State where they are working (Ersek, 2004). The purpose of this paper is to describe benefits and disadvantages of assisted suicide and to discuss the ethical reasoning behind both of these opposing viewpoints. Throughout the literature, there are many arguments that support the prohibition of physician assisted suicide. One of the most obvious arguments is that health care providers are supposed to save lives-not take them. (de Vocht Nyatanga, 2007). This principle of nonmaleficence can be traced back in time to Hippocrates, a Greek physician, who states this duty as I (healthcare provider) will use treatment to help the sick according to my ability and judgment, but I will never use it to injure or wrong them (Beauchamp Childress, 2009, p. 149). In other words, this statement can be interpreted as do no harm. The American NursesAssociation supports the notion that active participation in assisted suicide goes against the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses (2001). Helping a client take their own life is not only in contrast with ethical traditions of nursing but it could also discourage clients from seeking out medical care due to fear (Ersek, 2004). In response, proponents for assisted suicide argue that it is well within the patients right to decide whether he or she lives or dies. Emphasizing the importance of the principle of autonomy, they feel that quality of life is a very personal opinion. By preventing clients from taking their life, they feel healthcare providers are being paternalistic and imposing their views onto their patients. Some also feel that it is pride, not altruism, which inhibits healthcare workers from supporting assisted suicide. They argue medical professionals do not like to admit that they cannot fix a situation, because it causes them to acknowledge their own limitations and evokes a feeling of failure. (de Vocht et al, 2007). Another reason many dislike physician assisted suicide is their belief that it might eventually lead to involuntary euthanasia. This slippery slope conjecture is based on the idea that small steps will eventually lead to an inevitable chain of events that cannot be stopped once started. This notion is supported by statistics gathered from the Netherlands that state roughly 1,000 patients die due to the result of an end-of-life decision made without their explicit consent (Dieterle, 2007, p. 129). Therefore advocates of this theory feel that the best way to prevent the establishment of involuntary euthanasia is by barring assisted suicide. In contrast, supporters of physician assisted suicide feel that the slippery slope argument is an exaggeration. Since the passage of the Death with Dignity Act in Oregon, involuntary euthanasia is far from being a reality of the status quo in the United States. This is a living example that demonstrates assisted suicide can be passed without spirali ng out of control. Therefore support of the slippery slope argument is closed minded and shows little faith in human nature (Dieterle, 2007). However, the possibility that patients might be coerced into participating in assisted suicide against their will is very concerning to many people. Opponents to legalizing assisted suicide fear that patients could be persuaded by their family or insurance companies into requesting support in dying. A specific concern exists for vulnerable populations which include the elderly, poor, and minorities. These groups of people may be easily manipulated and lack the means to defend themselves. In summation, it is very possible that abuses of law could occur (Dieterle, 2007). The argument also exists that legalizing assisted suicide would make it easier to regulate these practices. One result of not legalizing assisted suicide could be that people might utilize the euthanasia underground as a source of relief. These people are very determined to die and may go to other countries or fall back on illegal methods to reach their goal. This not only makes it hard to control what is happening, but some people are also dying in ways that they do not prefer (de Vocht et al, 2007). Since assisted suicide is a complex issue, many feel that forming comprehensive legislation that is safe is an impossible task. The current Death with Dignity Act uses many terms which are subjective. For example, there is no definite way to determine the exact time and date when a person will die. Therefore the 6-month prognosis is not reliable even if it is agreed upon by two different physicians. In addition, mistakes in assisted suicide are permanent and cannot be corrected (Gannon Garland, 2008). Conversely, assisted suicide supporters argue physicians are already familiar with facilitating the death of their patients. Currently, In all 50 states in the US, patients have the right to refuse treatment and be allowed to die. Furthermore, all 50 states have procedures in place for allowing substituted judgments for the refusal of treatment (Dieterle, 2007, p. 132). Although end-of-life issues are complex, legal support for physicians comfortable with this process should continue. Another argument against assisted suicide is that it could encourage people to give up and take the easy way out. By allowing a person to take their life when they feel hopeless, it might give off the wrong impression to the public that when life becomes hard it is acceptable to quit. (Dieterle, 2007). Instead of focusing on ending life, emphasis should be put on how to enhance palliative care. On the contrary, proponents for assisted suicide argue that the people who are requesting it are not hopeless and depressed. The clients who utilize the Death with Dignity Act in Oregon, Linda Ganzini states, are not so much depressed as determined (Schwartz Estrin, as cited in Dieterle, 2007, p. 134). Ironically, these people say that assisted suicide actually instills hope in people because they feel they have a way of controlling their life if it becomes too unbearable. Conclusion While there many arguments for and against assisted suicide, the answer to the question of whether it is right or wrong remains ambiguous. One reason for the lack of clear cut answers is that assisted suicide is an ethical issue which is dependent on a persons values, morals, religion, and experiences. In general, the topic of end-of-life decision making is very sensitive and evokes strong emotions and opinions. Instead of debating the issues involved with assisted suicide, this paper merely describes pertinent arguments that have been presented by both sides. There are many nursing implications that are associated with assisted suicide. Among these is the importance for nurses to be aware of their own beliefs about end-of-life care. Selfawareness will prepare nurses for obstacles they will face when dealing with death. Another implication is that nurses need to be cognizant of politics and legal authority. Becoming active in political processes, nurses can work to ensure that they w ill not be forced into doing procedures that come in direct conflict with their beliefs. Writing this paper has taught me that autonomy is a very controversial issue in the health profession. I have also learned that there is a fine line between being a patient advocate and acting paternalistically. There is also a very fine line between providing a patient with information and influencing their decision making process. I plan to use this knowledge in my practice by being aware of my own biases and respecting the beliefs of my patients. I have come to the conclusion that facing ethical issues is inevitable part of a nurses professional practice.

The Quintessential American Woman Essay -- American Women Henry James

The Quintessential American Woman The American woman is a mystery that has yet to be solved. She is an ever-changing poem that sparks interest in those who are unaccustomed to her mysterious ways. The American women fascinated many authors, including Henry James. To express his enthrallment, James employed his literary talent to create Daisy Miller. Daisy exudes the vast depth of the entity of the American woman, which originally captured James’ attention. John Hay, a contemporary observer of American manners and mores stated of the American woman, â€Å"Her conduct is without blemish, according to the rural American standard, and she knows no other† (qtd. in Fogel 52). James’s Daisy Miller depicts the innocence of the American woman, with its accompanying crudeness. It is through Daisy Miller, and her contradictory characteristics of purity and crudeness that James presents and depicts his American woman to the world. â€Å"Pure† is defined as â€Å"chaste; virgin† in the American Heritage Dictionary (681). This describes one half of the American woman in the Jamesian perspective. Daisy Miller’s character is depicted as the epitome of pure. This purity particularly lies in Daisy’s ignorance of proper social behavior. Daniel Mark Fogel wrote in his critical analysis of Daisy Miller, â€Å"In America, women were under somewhat less rigid control than they were in England or Europe, in part because of the comparatively high degree of social mobility in the United States and the concomi...

Violence Towards Women in Tibet Essays -- Culture Cultural

Violence Towards Women in Tibet Introduction: Due to gender discrimination, there is more violence against Tibetan women than men by the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Unconsented and forceful acts of violence have been committed against Tibetan women, specifically targeted at Buddhist nuns, since the Chinese invasion of Tibet in 1950. While Tibetan women non-violently protest the Chinese government, they are physically, emotionally, and sexually abused by troops and within prisons. The human rights of these women have been completely disregarded. History of Women in Tibet: Tibetan women essentially had equal rights with men in their country. They had the privilege of many civil liberties that women of other nationalities did not have. Outsiders viewed Tibet as a perfect society in the mountains. Although women had many rights and a lot of power within their own families, Tibet was no Shangri-La. While women were usually equal to men under the law, women in Tibet were clearly socially inferior to their male counterparts. After the Chinese invasion of 1950, the Chinese claimed through propaganda that Tibetan women were repressed in the society. They claimed they would absolve women of their inferiority and get rid of class and regional distinctions. In fact they have only subjected women to more pain, torture, and emotional suffering. In ancient Tibet, women take pleasure in similar culture and freedoms as men. Due to a culture of Tibetan Buddhism, equality is promoted throughout the country. Tibetologists explain hardships of women through the strict class variations instead of an inequality between the sexes. Marriage rights in Tibet are equal for both men and women. There are three types o... ...lic of China: Call for accountability for Tibetan deaths in custody in Drapchi Prison.† Amnesty International, February, 2002. < http://www.amnestyusa.org/stoptorture/document.do?id=8B95BB3DE3AF900A8 0256B7600415B45>. Omvedt, Gail. Violence against Women: New Movements and New Theories in India. New Delhi: Kali for Women, 1990. Tibet Justice Center. Violence Against Tibetan Women. March, 1995. Tibet Justice Center. Violence and Discrimination Against Tibetan Women. December, 1998. Tibetan Women’s Association. Our Will Against Their Might; Women Prisoners of Conscience in Tibet: A Report. New Delhi: Tibetan Women’s Association, 1995. Yardley, Jim. â€Å"China Grants and Early Release of Tibetan Nun.† New York Times, February, 2004. Violence Towards Women in Tibet Essays -- Culture Cultural Violence Towards Women in Tibet Introduction: Due to gender discrimination, there is more violence against Tibetan women than men by the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Unconsented and forceful acts of violence have been committed against Tibetan women, specifically targeted at Buddhist nuns, since the Chinese invasion of Tibet in 1950. While Tibetan women non-violently protest the Chinese government, they are physically, emotionally, and sexually abused by troops and within prisons. The human rights of these women have been completely disregarded. History of Women in Tibet: Tibetan women essentially had equal rights with men in their country. They had the privilege of many civil liberties that women of other nationalities did not have. Outsiders viewed Tibet as a perfect society in the mountains. Although women had many rights and a lot of power within their own families, Tibet was no Shangri-La. While women were usually equal to men under the law, women in Tibet were clearly socially inferior to their male counterparts. After the Chinese invasion of 1950, the Chinese claimed through propaganda that Tibetan women were repressed in the society. They claimed they would absolve women of their inferiority and get rid of class and regional distinctions. In fact they have only subjected women to more pain, torture, and emotional suffering. In ancient Tibet, women take pleasure in similar culture and freedoms as men. Due to a culture of Tibetan Buddhism, equality is promoted throughout the country. Tibetologists explain hardships of women through the strict class variations instead of an inequality between the sexes. Marriage rights in Tibet are equal for both men and women. There are three types o... ...lic of China: Call for accountability for Tibetan deaths in custody in Drapchi Prison.† Amnesty International, February, 2002. < http://www.amnestyusa.org/stoptorture/document.do?id=8B95BB3DE3AF900A8 0256B7600415B45>. Omvedt, Gail. Violence against Women: New Movements and New Theories in India. New Delhi: Kali for Women, 1990. Tibet Justice Center. Violence Against Tibetan Women. March, 1995. Tibet Justice Center. Violence and Discrimination Against Tibetan Women. December, 1998. Tibetan Women’s Association. Our Will Against Their Might; Women Prisoners of Conscience in Tibet: A Report. New Delhi: Tibetan Women’s Association, 1995. Yardley, Jim. â€Å"China Grants and Early Release of Tibetan Nun.† New York Times, February, 2004.

Nike Internal Factors

Nike Corporation today is the largest sports apparel and footwear brand in the world. Thousands of people wear Nike gear not only to the playing field but also so social gathering and other casual events. Nike is one of the pioneers to take sportswear from the playing field to public domain. It not only made wearing sports wear popular and turned it into fashion wear but also simultaneously captured the serious performance wear market. The growth of the company over the years has been attributed to its brand building efforts and creative marketing. When it first enter into the industry the market was dominated with German products and others products even those made in America were considered inferior to the products from the European giants like Adidas and Puma. To overcome this they collaborated with Japanese partners who can provide similar quality at cheaper prices. After nearly eight years of selling through importing, Blue Ribbon Sports the company that evolved into Nike was formed. The name ‘NIKE’ was taken from Greek goddess of victory and Swoosh was adopted as brand logo. (Nike, 2007) Strengths of Nike Nike Business Model The Nike business model has little changed over the last four decades. The company was founded with the belief that it can provide customers products at competitive prices by getting them manufactured in Japan and selling them over in United States. Over the years the destinations have changed but the philosophy remained intact. As the income level in Japan increased it shifted it manufacturing units in Taiwan and Korea. After the boom in Korean and Taiwanese economy it shifted its base in other emerging economies like Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam and China to leverage the cost of production difference. This has resulted in reducing the costs significantly and the company is enabled to deliver maximum value to its customers. Strong Marketing Abilities All this time Nike managed the product design, marketing, sales and distribution system which made it one of the first company in the world to focus on the core competitive advantage and outsource the rest. Strong Supply Chain Management This strategy not only enabled Nike to focus on its strengths of marketing and designing but also able to leverage the specialization of the vendors supplying the goods. For example Shoes were manufactured cost effectively in Taiwan and Japan while clothing is manufactured in labor inexpensive countries like Indonesia, Vietnam and Thailand. Recently with increasing operations and established brand the company has changed focused on streamlining operations, efficient demand forecasting and supply chain management. Celebrity Advertising with Cutting Edge Products On the marketing front the company spend big amount on building the brand since the mid eighties. The success of Nike advertising can be attributed to its repeated success of picking up the next superstar in world or sports like Michael Jordan, Tiger Woods in past or Sharapova and Michelle Wie at present. Efficient Retail Management and Brand Management Starting from the running shoes, today the company has turned into a lifestyle brand. Today it not only sells shoes and sports gear but casual clothing, bags, fashion accessories etc (Holmes, 2004). The number of stock keeping Units (SKU) becomes large if one considers that these accessories and gears are developed according to various sports following like cycling, aquatic, skateboarding, outdoor activities, football, baseball, soccer, golf and tennis. Merchandise Mix To enter into various price points with diluting the brand Nike has bought various brands like Exter, Starter, Team Starter, Asphalt, Cole Haan shoes, Converse, Hurley skateboard gear, Bauer etc. Weakness Issues with Sweatshops This dead fish focus on leveraging low labor cost in South East Asian economies to deliver competitive products has often landed Nike in various sorts of troubles from human right groups and labor unions back home, most blaming the company for exploiting children and workers in inhumane conditions. Numbers of these groups blamed it for bringing in and supporting the sweatshop culture in these economies and the company once famous for innovative designs and creative products soon became poster child of anti-globalization worldwide. Noting this Phil Night in said in annual meeting – â€Å"The Nike product has become synonymous with slave wages, forced overtime, and arbitrary abuse†. Since then Nike has taken number of steps to cut this malaise in the system and develop respectable human and working standards for its third party vendors. Fall in the Sports shoes market due to changing trends Over the last few years there is continuous decline in sports shoes sale because of trend of non sports shoes with jeans. This has resulted in increasing discount and low realization. Nike has to sort out this aspect of their business along with the rest of sporting gear. Conclusion Over the years Nike has moved from manufacturing to purely a R&D and marketing company. Today Nike headquarters only looks after the designing, market trends and marketing of the products while outsourcing all others. This may have resulted in cutting the cost but it has also increased the dangers like sweatshops and blemish to the brand equity of the company. Nike (2007) Nike official Website 2007. Retrieved on 20th March from www.nikebiz.com