High Cholesterol :: Health, Dementia, Alzheimers Disease

Evidence is increasing concerning an association among vascular risk factors in midlife with an increased risk of both Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia decades later (citation). Diverse studies have found total cholesterol measured in midlife to be a significant predictor of subsequent dementia (Whitmer et al., 2005), mild cognitive impairment (Kalmijn et al., 2000) or cognitive decline (Kivipelto et al., 2001). Total cholesterol on midlife was also associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in some studies (Kivipelto et al., 2001) and especially with concomitant hypertension (Beeri et al., 2009). Meanwhile, the exact mechanism of high blood cholesterol in dementia is not known, because cholesterol is not able to pass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) (Bojanic et al., 2010). Beyond that, observational studies have yielded mix results for lipids levels and cerebrovascular disease risk (Bowman et al., 2003). Of interest, lipid abnormalities have been also implicated in the pathogenesis of ischemic cerebrovascular disease (Demchuk et al., 1999; Goldstein, 2007). Stroke contributes to the development of cognitive disorders in nearly 20% of elderly patients (citation). Stroke related features such as multiple strokes, white matter lesions, left hemisphere infarct location, atrophy, and volume of infarcted tissue are associated with an increased risk of post-stroke dementia (Rasquin et al., 2004). Nevertheless, even though a decrease in cholesterol concentrations with statins can reduce the incidence of stroke in high-risk populations and in patients with a stroke or transient ischemic attack (Amarenco et al., 2006), serum cholesterol traditionally has been considered a poor predictor of total stroke risk (Ansell, 2000) and epidemiological evidence has failed to demonstrated a clear relationship between the risk of stroke and serum cholesterol levels (citation). Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) refers to the transitional state between the cognitive changes of normal aging and very early dementia (Petersen and Negash, 2008). MCI is defined as memory deficits with preservation of other cognitive and functional brain activities (Nestor et al., 2004). However, whether the MCI results from neuronal loss within circuit-specific pathways involved in learning and memory (Verkhratsky et al., 2004) and/or from cerebrovascular deregulation within these pathways (Iodecola et al., 2004) remain debatable. The aim of the current study was to determine whether a cognitive impairment associated with elevated plasma cholesterol levels over aging is related with structural pathology or white matter disease (vascular lesions?

Managing the Virus Hunters Essay

A-1: * Vincent use technical, human, conceptual skills to maintain an environment that encourages innovation and professionalism among the virus hunter by recognizing his employees that can help the new product development of the company. * He know how to communicate, motivate and inspire his team * He understands the relationship of the companies’ subunits and visualizes how his thing fits into its broader. A-2 A. Vincent play the management role as he had weekly security briefing conference calls with co-workers around the world because as a manager he must had a lot of information that he must give or share to his co-workers and He must have always a new ideas regarding to virus that they had encounter so that his co-worker may also learn from him. B. Through this situation Vincent play decisional role because he assess the feasibility of adding network security consulting. C. in this case he is engaging and connecting to his employees by reminding them to kept focused n the company’s commitment to the customer and this king of activities done by Vincent can be classified as interpersonal roles because he interact and engaged with his employees. A-3 Symantec is a global leader in providing security, storage and systems management solutions to help our customers – from consumers and small businesses to the largest global organizations – secure and manage their information against more risks at more points, more completely and efficiently than any other company. Our company’s unique focus is to eliminate risks to information, technology and processes independent of the device, platform, interaction or location. * Positioned for Growth * Protect completely * Manage easily * Control automatically A-4 The managers learn the following from Vincent Weafer and Symantic approach: * Every step in the company’s growth we have expanded both our technological expertise and our understanding of customer needs. * Ability to successfully integrate internally developed with technologies we acquire has kept the companies at the front of its industry and enabled them to provide best-of-breed solutions for millions of corporate and individual customers.

The Subtipes of ADHD Free Essay Example, 2000 words

Of all the subtypes of ADHD, the most common is the combined, followed by the predominantly hyperactive-impulsive. The predominantly inattentive subtype is the least common of them and is more common in girls than in boys, compared with other medical conditions that are found more in boys than in girls. That is because the symptoms of inattention are more subtle, less detected and cause the diagnosis of ADHD in children/adolescents to take longer to complete or, in many cases, they even go unnoticed. People with a disorder of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have difficulty concentrating, and being attentive to the completion of complex tasks in the least. They often have trouble staying up, waiting their turn and often act impulsively. Although these behaviors can be found in all human beings, they are present in abnormally pronounced and prolonged in those with ADHD. They are also present in all the circumstances of life (not just at school or just at home, for exam ple). ADHD in adolescents and adults ADHD is more frequently observed than in children than in adults. We will write a custom essay sample on The Subtipes of ADHD or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now An estimated 4% of adults suffer from an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and in other, ADHD is sometimes not diagnosed until adulthood. Three symptoms primarily characterize the presence of ADHD: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. They may be present in varying degrees. In the vast majority of sufferers, ADHD has a neurological origin which may depend on heredity and environmental factors. Experts are adamant about this that ADHD is not caused by unmet emotional needs or psychosocial problems, although it can be exacerbated by these factors. ADHD is usually diagnosed around the age of seven (Davis-Berman, Pestello, 2010). However, children with ADHD have challenging behaviors before they return to school, often at the age of 2 years. There is no link between ADHD and intelligence of the child. Academic difficulties suffered by most children with ADHD are often associated with behavioral disorders or attention deficit disorder, bu t not to the lack of intelligence.